How does pneumonia cause otitis media?
Nasopharyngeal colonization can lead to infection, by spreading to adjacent mucosal tissue to cause acute otitis media (AOM) or pneumonia, or by blood stream to other sites causing bacteriemia, meningitis or focal infections [1].
What is the pathophysiology of otitis media?
The pathogenesis of acute otitis media is likely to occur with the following pattern in most children: the patient has an antecedent event (usually an upper respiratory viral infection) that results in congestion of the respiratory mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, including the nasopharynx and eustachian tube; …
Can an ear infection turn into pneumonia?
Invading bacteria can wreak major havoc, turning inflammation into infection and provoking fevers. Among the bacteria most often found in infected middle ears are the same varieties responsible for many cases of sinusitis, pneumonia, and other respiratory infections.
Can pneumococcal cause otitis media?
Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is closely associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections, but the most common microbial agent found in the middle ear fluid during AOM is Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc).
Does Haemophilus influenzae cause otitis media?
pneumoniae) and Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) are considered major causes of bacterial acute otitis media (AOM) worldwide, but data from Asia on primary causes of AOM are limited.
How does Streptococcus pneumoniae cause ear infections?
Streptococcus pneumoniae first colonizes the mucosal surface of the human nasopharynx and can then infect the middle ear cavity via the Eustachian tubes to cause acute otitis media (AOM).
What is the most common cause of otitis media?
The most common bacterial pathogen in AOM is Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. These three organisms are responsible for more than 95% of all AOM cases with a bacterial etiology.
What are virulence factors of otitis media?
Conclusions Pneumococcal surface protein A and pneumococcal surface antigen A are 2 important virulence factors in inner ear damage secondary to pneumococcal otitis media. Mutation of these virulence factors results in less inner ear damage. Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common childhood diseases.
What is sinusitis and otitis media?
Acute otitis media (AOM) and sinusitis are 2 of the most common bacterial complications of upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) in children. It has been found that 29% to 50%1,2 of all URIs develop into AOM and 5% to 10% develop into sinusitis.