What does the kallikrein-kinin system do?
The kinin–kallikrein system or simply kinin system is a poorly understood hormonal system with limited available research. It consists of blood proteins that play a role in inflammation, blood pressure control, coagulation and pain.
Is kallikrein a kinin?
The kallikrein–kinin system (KKS) consists of two serine proteases, prekallikrein (pKal) and factor XII (FXII), and a cofactor, high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK). Upon activation of the KKS, HK is cleaved to release bradykinin.
What is the role of the kinin system in inflammation?
The activation of the kinin system-bradykinin is particularly important in blood pressure regulation and in inflammatory reactions, through bradykinin ability to elevate vascular permeability and to cause vasodilatation in some arteries and veins.
What is the most important kinin in the kinin system?
The primary products of kininogen digestion are bradykinin and lysyl-bradykinin. These products have high affinity for the B2 receptor, which is widely expressed and is responsible for the most common effects of kinins.
What is kinin used for?
Kinins are proteins in the blood that cause inflammation and affect blood pressure (especially low blood pressure). They also: Increase blood flow throughout the body. Make it easier for fluids to pass through small blood vessels.
How is the kinin system activated?
Activation of the kinin system commences when circulating complexes of plasma prekallikrein and high molecular weight kininogen (HK) bind to a receptor complex present on endothelial cells consisting of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), cytokeratin-1 (CK-1) and gC1q-receptor (gC1qR).
What are Bradykinins what triggers the formation of Bradykinins?
Bradykinin is formed by the interaction of factor XII, prekallikrein, and high-molecular-weight kininogen on negatively charged inorganic surfaces (silicates, urate, and pyrophosphate) or macromolecular organic surfaces (heparin, other mucopolysaccharides, and sulfatides) or on assembly along the surface of cells.
Is kinin a hormone?
Kinins are paracrine hormones as they are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), also known as kininase II, possesses a high affinity for BK for degradation.
What is the chemical nature of kinin?
Kininogens contain a 9-11 amino acid bradykinin sequence. In botany, the plant hormones known as cytokinins were first called kinins, but the name was changed to avoid confusion.