What is ring current effect?
An aromatic ring current is an effect observed in aromatic molecules such as benzene and naphthalene. If a magnetic field is directed perpendicular to the plane of the aromatic system, a ring current is induced in the delocalized π electrons of the aromatic ring.
What causes the ring current?
magnetic storms The ring current is produced by the drift around Earth of charged particles of the outer Van Allen radiation belt. During quiet conditions the effect of this current at Earth’s surface is negligible (about 20 nanoteslas).
What is Earth’s ring current?
The ring current lies at a distance of approximately 6,200 to 37,000 miles (10,000 to 60,000 km) from Earth. The ring current was hypothesized in the early 20th century to explain observed global decreases in the Earth’s surface magnetic field, which can be measured by ground magnetometers.
What is the effect of the ring current on the Earth’s magnetic field?
In fact, the ring current causes a slight reduction in the Earth’s magnetic field in equatorial regions. The size of this reduction is a good measure of the number of charged particles contained in the Van Allen belts.
What are NICS values?
The NICS value is defined as the negative of the absolute shielding. Generally, NICS > 0 indicates a paratropic current, and NICS < 0 indicates a diatropic current.
What is Homoaromaticity explain with example?
To date, homoaromatic compounds are known to exist as cationic and anionic species, and some studies support the existence of neutral homoaromatic molecules, though these are less common. The ‘homotropylium’ cation (C8H9+) is perhaps the best studied example of a homoaromatic compound.
What is ring current in magnetosphere?
A ring current is an electric current carried by charged particles trapped in a planet’s magnetosphere. It is caused by the longitudinal drift of energetic (10–200 keV) particles.
Which drift motion of a charged particle causes the generation of ring current at equator of Earth?
A second cause of azimuthal drift is known as curvature drift, depicted in the figure of particle motion in Earth’s magnetic field. Particles with velocity nearly parallel to a field line at the Equator will initially move along the field line.
How hot are solar winds?
Space Environment The solar wind is a stream of energized, charged particles, primarily electrons and protons, flowing outward from the Sun, through the solar system at speeds as high as 900 km/s and at a temperature of 1 million degrees (Celsius). It is made of plasma.
Which of the following is responsible for the ring current that produced in the ionosphere of Earth?
What is diamagnetic anisotropy?
DIAMAGNETIC ANISOTROPY The circulation of valence electron or ᴫ electron in system like acetylene or benzene under the influence of external field is known as local diamagnetic current. The desheilding of proton due to local diamagnetic current is termed as diamagnetic anisotropy.
What is Homoaromatic?
• A homoaromatic molecules showed discontinuity in the p orbital overlap due to the. presence of a single sp3 hybridized atom, so we can say that those compounds where. the stable configuration systems with (4n + 2) π e- can only be formed by bypassing. one saturated sp3 hybridized carbon atom leads to homoaromaticity.