What is the pathophysiology of cleft palate?
Cleft palate arises from a failure of development during gestation. The primordial mouth, or stomodeum, begins to form around week four. The five facial prominences arise around the mouth: frontonasal prominence in the median, bilateral maxillary prominences, and bilateral mandibular prominences.
What causes cleft palate embryology?
Cleft lip results from a failed merging of the maxillary and medial nasal elevations on one or both sides due to the inadequate migration of neural crest cells. Cleft palate results from the failure of the lateral palatine processes to meet and fuse with each other.
What is the method of inheritance for cleft lip and palate?
Isolated clefts are believed to have multifactorial inheritance: they’re due to a combination of multiple factors, both genetic and environmental. The risk for recurrence (Table 1) increases when there is more than one affected relative. The risk for recurrence also increases the more severe the defect is.
What are the steps in the formation of the palate?
The palate is then completed later during the twelfth week, within the fetal period. Thus, the palate is developed in three consecutive stages: formation of the primary palate, formation of the secondary palate, and completion of the final palate.
How does cleft lip affect physical development?
Cleft lips affect the physical appearance of a child and when repaired, the child will still have a scar. This can affect confidence and self esteem in some children. Some children with cleft palate will have speech difficulties due to the structure and functioning of the palate.
What is a cleft palate anatomy?
Cleft palate (also called palatoschisis) is characterized by a fissure (clefting) in the secondary palate (posterior to the incisive foramen) and can involve the soft palate only (the most posterior part of the palate), or both the hard palate and the soft palate.
How does philtrum develop?
The medial nasal processes develop medial to the nasal placode and will eventually fuse at the midline to form the inter-maxillary process. By the tenth week, the inter-maxillary process will form the nasal bridge and the philtrum of the upper lip.
What are the medical procedures to fix cleft palate?
Cleft Lip and Palate Repair Surgery
- Nasoalveolar molding. 1 week to 3 months of age (if needed)
- Cleft palate repair. 9 to 18 months.
- Palatal expansion. 5 to 7 years (if needed)
- Alveolar bone graft and fistula repair. 6 to 9 years.
- Tip Rhinoplasty.
- Phase I orthodontics.
- Phase II orthodontics.
- Orthognathic surgery (jaw surgery)
Is there a genetic component to cleft palate?
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are birth defects that affect the upper lip and the roof of the mouth. CLP has a multifactorial etiology, comprising both genetic and environmental factors.
What are the differences in the mechanism between the development of the upper lip and the palate?
What are the differences in the mechanism between the development of the upper lip and the palate? Upper lip develops as a result of migration of connective tissue. Palates form from a breakdown of the epithelium of the palatal shelves.
What is palatal process?
In human anatomy of the mouth, the palatine process of maxilla (palatal process), is a thick, horizontal process of the maxilla. It forms the anterior three quarters of the hard palate, the horizontal plate of the palatine bone making up the rest. Palatine process of maxilla.